Dr. Charles Brenner is a leading global researcher in NAD+ metabolism, known for discovering the vitamin activity of nicotinamide riboside.

What is NAD+?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a crucial coenzyme found in every cell, powering the conversion of food into energy and supporting essential cellular processes. As we age, NAD+ levels naturally decline, affecting how our cells function. Find out how this discovery is changing the way we think about aging and what it means for your health.

Why NAD+ is important for whole-body health
As we age, NAD+ levels can drop by up to 65%, reducing the ability of cells to produce energy, repair DNA, and maintain overall function. This decline can weaken cellular resilience and increase vulnerability to age-related health challenges. Learn how maintaining NAD+ levels may support cellular energy, vitality, and long-term wellness.

The science of NAD+ boosting
Since NAD+ molecules are too large to effectively enter cells when taken directly, your body requires smaller compounds called NAD+ "precursors": building blocks that can cross into cells and convert into NAD+. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a unique form of vitamin B3 that efficiently converts to NAD+ in your cells through a specialized pathway.
Unlike other precursors, NR bypasses rate-limiting steps and avoids potential side effects associated with NAD+ and niacin supplementation. Extensive research demonstrates NR's superior bioavailability and safety profile, making it one of the most studied and effective NAD+ precursors available, with clinical studies consistently showing its ability to significantly raise NAD+ levels in humans.

How NAD+ supplementation can support your health
As we age, maintaining adequate NAD+ levels becomes increasingly important for cellular processes throughout the body. Studies on NAD+ supplementation show promising connections to positive benefits across multiple areas of health:
- Neurological Health (e.g., Parkinson's disease)
- Cardiovascular Health (e.g., Heart Failure)
- Orphan Disease (e.g., Ataxia Telangiectasia)
- Immune Function
- Aging & Healthspan
- Muscle Health
Expert-backed content
Every article, study summary, and educational resource undergoes rigorous expert review before publication.
Our educational content is created and reviewed by world-renowned experts in NAD+ research and cellular biology. From pioneering researchers who discovered NAD+ precursors to clinical investigators conducting cutting-edge trials, our expert network ensures the highest standards of scientific accuracy.

Charles Brenner, Ph.D.

Vilhelm (Will) Bohr, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.
Dr. Vilhelm Bohr is a leading researcher in DNA repair, aging, and neurodegenerative disease with over 600 journal publications.

Toby Amidor, MS, RD, CDN, FAND
Toby Amidor is a Wall Street Journal bestselling author and leading culinary nutrition expert, recognized with the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics' Media Excellence Award.

Philip Redpath, Ph.D.
Dr. Philip Redpath, Director of Innovation R&D at Niagen Bioscience, is a synthetic organic chemistry expert specializing in NAD+ precursor development.

Lauren Manaker, MS, RDN, LD, CLEC
Lauren Manaker is an award-winning registered dietitian and three-time author specializing in evidence-based women's health nutrition.

Michael Sagner, M.D.
Dr. Michael Sagner is a globally recognized physician and pioneer in preventive medicine, serving as Clinical Advisor at Ageing Research at King's (ARK) and founder of The Serena Clinic.
Methods of NAD+ Administration: Understanding Your Options
Modern science offers several approaches to increasing NAD+ levels, each with distinct advantages and applications:

Oral Supplementation
The most convenient and widely studied method, particularly with nicotinamide riboside (NR), offering proven bioavailability and safety.

Liposomal Delivery
A delivery system purported to enhance absorption and cellular uptake of NAD+ precursors, but lacks clinical research to support.
Blog

In the News
What Is a Patent? Types, Uses, and Why They Matter for NAD+
Patents are the foundation of innovation, but understanding what they are and how they work is more nuanced than it may seem. This educational guide breaks down the types of patents, what each protects, and why they are especially relevant in the NAD+ space.

Intravenous
NAD+ IV Therapy vs. NR IV Therapy: What Clinical Research Reveals About Safety, Efficacy, and Why It Matters
NAD+ cannot enter cells directly, and that biological reality has major implications for NAD+ IV therapy. Two clinical studies comparing NR IV and NAD+ IV head-to-head reveal what that means in practice.

Cardiovascular Disease
Peripheral Artery Disease and NAD+: Mitochondrial Health, Vascular Aging, and Emerging Clinical Evidence
Peripheral artery disease impacts over 200 million people globally, causing pain, reduced mobility, and increased cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence links NAD+ to improved mitochondrial and vascular health, with clinical studies showing gains in walking ability and vascular health.

Immune Health
The Role of NAD+ in Immune Health and Function
Explore how NAD+, an essential cellular molecule, supports immune health through its roles in energy production, DNA repair, and inflammation regulation. Learn how viral infections and immune stress deplete NAD+ levels, and examine why maintaining adequate NAD+ may help preserve immune cell function and the body’s natural defenses.



